Lockheed Martin said it has successfully flight tested an AI-enhanced combat identification capability integrated into the F-35 Lightning II’s information fusion system, marking the first time a tactical AI model has been used in flight to independently generate combat identification data.

The demonstration, known as Project Overwatch, took place at Nellis Air Force Base. During the test, an AI and machine learning model developed and trained by Lockheed Martin helped resolve identification ambiguities among signal emitters, improving situational awareness and reducing the time required for pilot decision-making.

Engineers used an automated tool to label newly detected emitters, retrain the AI model within minutes to recognize the new class, and reload the updated model for a subsequent flight—all within the same mission planning cycle.

Accelerating AI in combat systems

The company said the effort reflects a broader push to accelerate real-time capabilities in response to evolving threats. By embedding AI into the F-35’s mission systems, the company aims to help pilots interpret complex threat data more quickly in combat environments where time is critical.

“This is a demonstration of 6th Gen technology brought to a 5th Gen platform,” said Jake Wertz, vice president of F-35 Combat Systems at Lockheed Martin Aeronautics. “Equally important is our ability to reprogram the AI model on the ground and have those updates available for the next sortie — an essential step toward maintaining a tactical edge in a rapidly evolving threat environment. These capabilities embody Lockheed Martin’s 21st-century strategy, which advances every product line by integrating next-generation performance, continual software modernization, and AI-driven decision-making to keep our customers ahead of emerging challenges.”

Lockheed Martin said it plans to expand the AI model’s training to further improve reliability and accuracy as it continues integrating advanced technologies into operational aircraft.